Riveting device



Marh19,1946." A H HABERSTUMP 2,396,649

RIVETING DEVICE Filed Oct'. 6, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet l a@ LA ATTORNEYS- March 19, 1946. A, H.'HABERSTUMP RIVETING DEVICE Filled 001;. 6, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 2` March 19, 1946. AQ-H ||ABERSTUMP 2,396,649

RIVETING DEVICE Filed Oct. 6, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 BY x MM vml, A TTORNE YB;

March 19, 1946. A, H, HABERSTUMP 2,396,649

`RIVETING DEVICE Filed oct. e, 1941 4 sheets-sheet@ El E A TTORNE Ys.'

Patented Mar. 19, 1946 RIVETIN G DEVICE Alfred H. Haberstump, Detroit, Mich., assignor to The Murray Corporation of America, Detroit, Mich., a. corporation of Delaware Application October 6, 1941, Serial No. 413,764

8 Claims. (Cl. 7S-53.5)

My invention relates to riveting devices, and particularly to a riveting dolly which is eifective to back up a series of rivets of the same or variable spacing which are individually swaged by the device.

V,The structure of the present application is an extension of the invention which has been set forth and claimed in the copending application of Charles R. Stevenson, et al., Serial No. 408,- 614, led AugustI 28, 1941, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.

In the latter application, a riveting device is employed in which individual pistons are aligned with the rivets and function independently of each other. In the present invention, a single bar is employed, of a length to span a plurality of apertures through which rivets are to be stuck and swaged. In this construction corner. rivets are engaged by the end of the bar and the device may be employed without consideration of the spacing of the rivets. The bar is supported on links at each end so as to retain a parallel position to the sheets to be riveted together and to prevent the bar from tilting when rivets are swaged ai; one end thereof. The links are supported in a suitable manner by pivots while being joined together by an element which is preferably parallel to the riveting bar and to which a resilient, pressure is provided. This resilient pressure may be produced by a resilient block of material, by an inflated sack, by one or more springs, by a fluid operated piston within a cylinder, or by other suitable resilient means.

A rectangular casing may be provided in Which the links, bars and resilient element are encased and supported. The cylinder may constitute the supporting means to which flanges are attached in which the bar is cradled and which is supported on suitable attaching means. Such attaching means may be similar to those shown in the above-mentioned copending application, cr may be in the nature of a bridging structure which urges the device against the sheets to be riveted from a structural element spaced therefrom. Means are provided for permitting the device to adjust itself or be adjusted against the sheets so as to be disposednormal thereto to have the swaging blows applied normal to the rivet axis.

Accordingly, the main objects of my invention are; to provide a bar which is prevented from tilting when resiliently mounted adjacent to `a series of holes in sheets of material wlnch are to be riveted together; to pivotally moruit ,a baron pivotal links which are interconnected by means which has a resilient pressure applied thereto; to provide a casing for' housing a bar and resilient supporting means, with means for supporting the casing adjacent to sheets to be riveted together; to provide a resiliently mounted bar which is supported adjacent to sheets to be welded together having a plurality of apertures which may be spaced in any manner relative to each other through which rivets are to be inserted and swaged; to provide a cylinder having flanged projections in which a riveting bar is cradled and supported by bell cranks attached to a piston rod within the cylinder, the piston of which has pressure applied thereto for Vproducing an oscillatory movement to the bar when blows are applied to the head of a rivet on the opposite side of the sheet; to provide supporting' means for a resiliently mounted bar which positions it adjacent to sheets to be riveted while permitting the bar to adjustI itself to a position normal to the axis of the rivets to be swaged; and in general, to provide a riveting bar for a plurality of rivets which are to be stuck and swaged seriatim, which is simple in construction, positive in operation and economical of manufacture.

Other objects and features of novelty of my invention will be either specifically pointed out or `will become apparent when referring, for a better understanding of my invention, to the following description taken in conjunction With the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a riveting device embodying features of my invention, after a rivet has been swaged;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 1, taken'on the line 2--2 thereof;

Fig; 3 is a sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig.' 1, taken'on the line 3-3 thereof;

Fig. 4 is a broken view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 1, after the rivet has been stuck and before the end thereof has been swaged;

Fig. 5 is a vieu7 lof structureV similar t0 that illustrated in Fig. 1, showing a modified form of theinvention;

Fig. 6 is a view of structure similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1, showing a further form which my inventionmay assume;

Fig. 7 is a view of bridging structure which may be employed with the Yriveting device embodied in my invention;

Fig. 8 is a sectional viewof the .structure illustrated in Fig. '7, taken on :the line 8 8 thereof;

Fig. 9 is a view of structure similar to that illustrated in Fig. 7, showing a still further form which my invention may assume;

Fig. is an lenlarged sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 9, taken on the line ID-Ill thereof;

Fig. l1 is a view or" structure similar to that illustrated in Fig. 6, showing a further form which my invention may assume;

Fg. 12 is a view of structure similar tothat illustrated in Fig. 1i, showing a still further form of my invention; f Fig. 13 is a sectional View of the structure illustrated in Fig. 12, taken on the line lS--l 3 thereof Fig. 14 is a broken view in elevation of a riveting machine showing a further form which my invention may assume;

Fig. 15 is an enlarged broken view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 1e, afterthe rivet heads have been forced against an element to be riveted;

Fig. 16 isa broken sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 14, as viewed from the front side thereof, after the swag'ng operation; and,

Fig. 17 is a view of structure, similar to that illustrated in Fig. 14, showing a further form which a machine for practicing my invention may assume.

In Figs. 1 to 4, I have illustrated a riveting device l5 embodying a casing i6 and a riveting bar Il which ls pivoted to triangular links i3. The triangular links i8 are secured by pivots i9 and 2| to the walls of the casing. A bar 22 is secured by pivots 23 to the triangular links i8 to forni a parallelogram connection between the bars 2i and I1 and the links l. A flexible sack 2li is mounted between the bottom wall 25 of the casing l and the bar 22 and is inatecl through a tube 2S which is sealed to the sack.

, The casing I6 is provided with suitable means, such as that illustrated in the above-mentioned copending application, or as hereinafter described for supporting it against a pair of sheets 2l and 28 which are to be riveted together. A plurality of apertures 28 are provided in the sheets, spaced the same or different distances apart since, in the present'invention, the bar Il is capable of swaging the rivets at any point throughout its length. When a rivet is to be swaged it is placed in one of the apertures 29 and a riveting gun 3i engages the rivet head with sufcient pressure to deflect the bar l1 against the pressure provided i by the sack 24 when the rivethead engages the sheet 21. Upon the application of blows by the gun 3l to the head of the rivet, the bar il oscillates normal to the sheets and produces a striking force for swaging the rivet end. The bar H may be limited in its upward movement so as to provide a space 24 beneath the sheets 2'! and 23 to regulate the thickness of the swaged end on the rivet. l l

In Fig. 4, I have illustrated the rivet 35 after being forced by the riveting gun 3l through the aperture 29 with the head in contact with the sheet 21 and the bar l1 deflected. In. view of the fact that the bar l'! is maintained in parallel position to the sheet 28 the riveting eiect produced at both ends of the bars will be the same as that occurring in the middle. The parallel relation is maintained through the parallelogram formed between the links i8 and i9 and the bars l'i and 22.

In Fig. 5, I have illustrated a further form which my invention may assume that wherein a pair of bell cranks 36 are supported on the walls of the casing i6 by pins 31. One arm 38 of the bell crank is secured by a pin 39 to the bar i7 while the other arm il of the bell crank is joined to a pair of rods 42 by pivots "33. The ends of the reds 42 are provided with right and left hand threads joined by an internally threaded sleeve lili by which the effective length of the rods may be adjusted. A spring 55 is mounted about one of the rods abutted against a iiange i6 of an angle member All, the opposite'flange 4B of which is secured to a bolt i9 which operates in a slot 5I in the base wall 25 ci the casing. A A thumb nut 52 clamps the angle member di' to the base after being adjusted to produce the proper tension in the spring In this manner, a predetermined tension may be set on the spring d5 which provides a proper bias t0 the bar l?. It will be noted in this arrangement that a parallelogram is formed between the rod E2 and bar l 'l and the bell cranks The bar il is maintained parallel to the sheets 2? and 28 at all times, so as to be capable of swaging the end rivets as well as those near the middle portion of the bar.

In Fig. 6, I have illustrated a riveting device 56,

' which is similar to that shown in Fig. 5, with the exception that a single rod 55 joins' the bell cranks 3d with one end of the rod secured to a piston 5%. The iston operates within a cylinder 5? into which air or other fluid is introduced through a conduit 53. A parallelogram arrangement is provided between the rod 5E, bar il', and the bell cranks 36 which maintains the bar Il parallel at all times to the sheets 2l' and 28. The fluid back of the piston 56 provides the resilient pressure for oscillating the bar l? when struck. One advantage of employing the cylinder of this type is that which permits the pressure on the piston to be readily regulated to have the movement of the bar Vl conform to the strength of the blow struck by the hammers 3 i In Fig. 7, I have illustrated a riveting device 55, having a casing i6 in which the riveting bar I.' is mounted against a rubber sack fi. |The sack is inflated through the connection 23 to apply a resilient pressure to the lower edge of the bar. While in ordinary operation this particular arrangement s not as satisfactory as that employing a parallelograin connection of parts, the bar backed by the rubber sack as illustrated in Fig. 7 produces satisfactory swaging of the rivet ends of thin, soft rivets.

The Casine I8 is mounted on a pair of links 6I which are supported by a pivot 62 on a casting 63. A bolt 54 extends through a cross brace S5 between the links El and through the casting 63. A spring 65 urges the cross brace 6E outwardly from the casting about the pivot E?, the position of which is controlled by a thumb screw 67 which adjusts the position of the links di relative to the casting 63. In this manner the riveting device 59 is positioned relative to the sheets 2 and 23 being riveted together.

For supporting the casing i6 against the face of the sheet 28, a block 69 of ber, or other material, is slidably mounted within the casting G3 for engaging a brace Il or other element which is spaced from the sheets to be riveted. A cam l2 operated by a handle i3 forces the block S9 outwardly from the casting $3. The links, casting, and the block 69 function as an extensible brace for forcing the casing i5 against the sheets. By adiustrnent of the handle 'i3 and the thumb nut 6l the rivet-ing device 59 is located lengthwise of a series of apertures in the sheets 2l and 28 and normal to a series of rivets which may be driven without relocating the riveting device for each rivet.

In Fig. 9, I have shown a further form which my riveting device may assume; that wherein a cradle 14 of U-shape supports a cylinder 15 on the base web thereof. A piston 16 is mounted on a rod 11 pivoted to bell cranks 38 which are supported on pivots 31 which extend through the side of the cradle 1li. A riveting bar 18 is provided with a slot 19 for receiving the other arms of the bell cranks which are secured thereon by pivots 39. Slots 8| are provided in the wall of the bar 18 for spanning the pivots 31 of the bell cranks. The sides of the cradle 10 are extended at 82 for engaging the underside of the sheet 28 to be riveted.

A socket 83 is mounted on the lower web of the cradle 14, engaged by a ball 84 on a rod 85 which is connected to a piston 85 within a cylinder 81. The air or other fluid introduced to the cylinder -15 through a flexible conduit 88, is also conducted to the lower end of the cylinder 81 through a flexible conduit 89. The piston 80 is larger than the piston 15 so that a greater pressure is exerted on the cradle 14 than 0n the bell cranks to assure the oscillating movement application to the riveting bar 18 instead of to the piston 80. The lower end of the cylinder supports a block 9| of ber or other material which engages a strut or other element 1| spaced from the sheet 28. The ball 84 in the socket 83 permits universal movement of the riveting device which may-adjust itself relative to the face of the sheet 28 to be riveted. Fluid is applied to the cylinders through the conduits 8B and 89 which moves the riveting demce away from the block 9i and forces the device against the sheets. The bar 18 is spaced from the sheets and is further deflected by the rivet when the gun 3| forces the head of the rivet against the outer surface of the sheet 21. This construction permits the lend of the bar 18 to be located directly in the corner beneath the sheets being riveted so that the corner rivet may be engaged by the bar.

In Fig. 1l, I have illustrated a riveting device 92 having a casing 93 provided with end flanges 94 which are supported against the sheet by expanding pins 95. The riveting bar 19, bell cranks 36, rod 11, piston 15, and cylinder 15 are similar to those hereinabove described. In this particulai arrangement, the casing 93 is supported directly n the sheets by the expanding pins which are utilized when no strut or other element is present against which the expansible structure could abut.

In Figs. l2 and I3, I have illustrated a still further form of riveting device 96. wherein a cylinder 91 has stirrups 98 attached to each end, the sides of which form spaced flanges 99, the ends of which engage the underface of th-e sheet 28 to be riveted. Bell cranks 3B are supported on the projecting flanges 99 by pins 31, one arm being connected by a pin 39 to the riveting bar 18, the other end being connected by pivots 43 to a rod 11. The rod has a piston |0| secured thereto while a cylinder head |02 is secured to the cylinder wall and sealed on the rod 11. Fluid is introduced into a cylinder between the head |02 and piston |0| through a tubular opening |03 in the cylinder wall.

The projecting flanges 99 0f the stirrups 9B support trunnions |04 at each end which extend through an aperture in the end ofa V-shaped yoke |05. The yoke is mounted on a block |09 of fiber or other suitable material, which engages a strut or other element. 1| which is spaced from the sheets 21 and 28 which are to'be riveted. Rivets l01 extend through the block |06 and through slots |08'in the ends of the yoke. The slots in the yoke permit relative movement between the block |06 and the yoke, alected by a cylinder |09 having a piston ||0 on a rod ||5 which is secured to the block. Fluid is introduced to the cylinder through the flexible conduit lil'which moves the piston and the block |00 outwardly to thereby clamp the riveting device 96 against the sheets from the strut 1i. By providing the tunnions |04 on the projecting iianges 99 of the collar 98 the weight of the device is centered below the trunnion and the bar 18 is always supported in a vertical position. This simplifies the adjustment of the bar relative to the sheets to be riveted when the device is clamped into position.

It is to be understood that while I have illustrated different mounting mean for the various types of devices illustrated, the mounting means are interchangeable so that any of the devices may have employed therewith any of the mounting means of other devices illustrated. The various devices and mounting means were shown for the purpose of illustration and it is to be understood that variousI shapes, forms and lengths of riveting bar will be required for the various shapes, and lengths of the sheets to be assembled together. In some instances the extensible device may be employed with the riveting device capable 0f swaging corner rivets, while at other times the expanding pins satisfactorily support the riveting device to a central portion of the sheets being riveted.

It is to be understood that the yoke |05 illustrated in Figs, 12 and 13 may be attached to trunnions ||2 mounted on plugs ||3 provided on the end of the cylinder 91. In this arrangement the projecting portions of the flanges 99 will be eliminated so that the bar 18 may abut a corner of the structure being riveted so that the corner rivets may be swaged thereby. Limit stops M are provided on the plugs H3 for limiting the swinging movement of the riveting device on the yoke.

In all the structures illustrated, it will be noted that support is provided for the device against the sheet while the riveting bar is spaced therefrom. This spacing may be accurately set to regulate the amount of swaging performed on the heads of' the rivets, or it may be selected so as to permit the bar to be deected when a rivet is forced through an aperture in the sheets. When the casing about the riveting bar is eliminated, the bar may be disposed against a corner sheet so as"to be able to swage the end of the corner rivet. The parallel arrangement of the riveting bar, the links, and the rod eliminates the chance oi the bar tilting when swaging the ends of the endmost rivets. When maintaining'the bar parallel to the sheets to be riveted. with all parts of the bar balanced against a resilient element, all points of the bar will react to swage the rivet end in exactly the same manner. By usingthe bar. the spacing of the rivets becomes inconsequential and they may be spaced a greater or lesser amount in different or the same rows. It is within the purview of my invention to curve the bar to follow rows of rivets which are disposed on a curve on flat or arcuate surfaces to engage and swage the ends of the rivets in the same manner as the iiat straight bars herein illustrated and described.

In Figs. 14 to 17 inclusive, I have illustrated a machine which may be constructed to practice the method veiribodies in my invention and illustrated in the structure of Figures 1 to 13 inclusive. Referring more specifically to Figs. 14, 15, and

v16, a machine H6 is illustrated, having a base l1 and a standard H8.. The standard ||8 supports an hydraulic ram I I9 on the ram portion of which a riveting gun |2| is included. The gun embodies a striking piston |23 and suitable ports and passageways conventionally employed but not herein illustrated. The riveting gun portion |2| has a riveting head |24 on Athe end which is of material length to engage a. plurality-oi rivet heads simultaneously. The backing up device is similar to that illustrated in Figs. 12 and 13 with the exception that a pressure cylinder |25 is mounted on the top plate |26 of the bed.`

Fluid is provided by a conduit |21 through a conduit |28 to a foot operated valve |29, a pressure regulating valve |3I, a gauge |32, and to the cylinder` |25. The use of the gauge |32 and the regulating valve |3| was found to be of importance since the correct operation of the riveting bar 18 depended upon the amount of striking force provided by the riveting gun |2l. It was found when swaging individual rivets that fourteen pound pressure produced very slow swaging effect and that twelve pound pressure produced rapid swaging of the rivet ends. The two pounds difference in pressure produced a wide variation in the time of the riveting operations and the control of the pressure in the cylinder |25 permits the pressure on the bar 18 to be adjusted relative to the force i the blows struck by the riveting gun.

A four-way valve |33 is connected to the supply conduit |21 by a conduit |34. A pair of conduits |35 and |36 connect the valve to the ends of the ram |9. Similarly a conduit |38 is connected to the supply conduit |21 and to a valve |31 `from which a supply conduit |39 leads to the riveting gun |2|. The sheet 21 to be riveted to the angle members |4| is disposed within the machine after the rivets have been inserted in the apertures through the sheet and members. The heads of the rivets are aligned with the rivetingr head |24 of the gun |2| and with the bar 18. Pressure is applied to the ram 9 when the valve |33 is operated to move the riveting head |24 downward to engage the rivets as the foot valve |29 is operated to move the riveting bar 18 upwardly. The ends of the rivets are in pressure engagement with the top surface of the bar 18 when the heads of the rivets engage the surface of the sheet 21. The valve |31 is then operated to reciprocate the piston |23 of the gun |2| which provides striking blows to the heads of the rivets. The blows oscillate the riveting bar 18 which simultaneously swages the ends of the rivets as illustrated in Figs. 14 and 16. In Fig. 15, I have illustrated the position of the rivets after the heads are forced against the sheet 21 by the riveting head |24 and the riveting bar 18 has been deflected by the rivet ends.

After the rivets have been swaged, the valves |31 and |33 are returned to their original posi- .tion and pressure may then be released from the bar 18 by the release of the foot valve |29. It is to be understood that the foot valve |29 may be eliminated and a valve similar to valve |31 substituted therefor. This substitute valve may be retained in on position between riveting operations since the bar 18 is limited in its upward movement by a pair of locking nuts |42 which abut against the cylinder head |02 and thereby limit the upward movement of the bar. The pressure of the ram I9 is sufficient to have the rivet ends deflect the bar 18 when the ram ismoved downwardly against the sheet. In Fig- 17, I have illustrated a ram |43 which is directly connected to a riveting head |24. The riveting bar 18 is supported on a pair of bellv cranks 35 which are interconnected by a rod |44 whichvprojects within a hammer |45. The ram |43 forces the riveting head |24 and the rivets intocontact with the sheet |21 and the gun |45 forces the bar 18 against the rivet ends and applies hammer blows to the rivet ends which swages the rivets. The machines illustrated in Figs. 14 to 1'1 were shown by way of examples and it is to be understood that the shapes of the rams, gun, and rivetingA bar, as well as the supporting structure therefor will vary from that illustrated and conform to the shape of the elements to be riveted together. In such machines one row of rivets after another may be swaged as the sheet and elements are advanced to the riveting position.

It will be noted in the various types of guns.

illustrated that provisions have been made for limiting the movement of the various riveting bars to prevent the bars from projecting above the supporting structure for the sheet. In Fig. l, an Y adjustable screw |46 is employed for engaging the interconnecting element 22M of the links I8. In Fig. 5, I have illustratedthe pair of clamping nuts |42 which abut against the angle member 41 to thereby limit the upward movement of the bar |1. In Fig. 6, I have illustrated the adjusting screw |4E supported in a position to engage the bell crank 3S. These adjustable stop elements are illustrated by way of example and it is to be understood that other means may be employed for limiting the upward movement of the bar, such as the flange |48 on the casing I8 illustrated in Fig. '7. l

WhatIclaim is:

l. In. a riveting device, a cylinder, flanges pro- `iecting upwardly from said cylinder and spaced from each other` a riveting bar disposed between said flanges, linksinterconnecting the bar to said flanges, a piston rod in said cylinder, means for connecting the piston rod to said links, and means for supporting the assembly in position to have the flanges abut a sheet having apertures through which rivets are to be stuck and swaged.

2. In a riveting device, a cylinder, upwardly projecting spaced flanges on said cylinder, a riveting bar disposed between said a-nges, a piston within the cylinder, a piston rod on said piston, bell cranks pivoted on said fianges and to said bar and rod, and means for conducting fluid to said cylinder for applying a pressure to said bar.

3. In a riveting device, a cylinder, upwardly projecting spaced iianges on said cylinder, a riveting bar disposed between said flanges, a piston within the cylinder, a piston rod on said piston, bell cranks pivoted on said flanges and to said bar and rod, means for conducting fluid to said cylinder for applying a pressure to said bar, and means for limiting the movement of the bar relative to the projecting ends of the flanges to have the surface of the bar spaced from the surface of the sheet to be riveted.

4. In a riveting device, a cylinder, upwardly projecting spaced flanges on said cylinder, a riveting bar disposed between said anges, a piston within the cylinder, a piston rod on said piston, bell cranks pivoted on said flanges and to said bar and rod, means for conducting fluid to said cylinof the bar spaced from the surface of the sheet te be riveted, and means for adjusting said limiting means for regulating the thickness of the swaged rivet end.

5. In a riveting device, a riveting bar, a pair oi bell cranks pivoted to the bar, means for pivotally supporting said bell cranks, an element also pivoted to the bell cranks and disposed in parallel relation to the bar, and resilient means reacting on said element for applying a resilient pressure to said bar.

6. In a riveting device, a riveting bar, .a pair of bell cranks having angularly disposed arms, pivots Y for joining the ends of one set of arms to said bar,

an element disposed in parallel relation to the bar, pivots for joining said element to the ends of the other set of arms, resilient means reacting on said element for applying a resilient pressure to said bar, means for pivotally Supporting said bell cranks near the angle portion of said arms, and meansfor adjusting the pressure applied by said resilient means.

7. A riveting device including, in combination, spaced supporting means, bell cranks having their medial portions pivoted on said supporting means, a riveting bala pivoted on `Said bell cranks near one end thereof, an interconnecting bar parallel to said riveting barand pivoted to said bell cranks near the other end thereof, and resilient means applying pressure to Said bars Which permits relative movement therebetween while they are retained in parallel relation.

8. In a device for backing up a plurality of rivets including, in combination, a movable bar for spanning a plurality of apertures in a sheet to be riveted, a movable element spaced from said bar, spaced bell cranks pivotally joining said element and bar for retaining them in parallel relation in al1 positions, means for applying a re silient force to said bar, and means to which said bell cranks are pivoted for supporting the bar in position to engage said sheet.

ALFRED H. HABERSTUMP. 

